14.1. Property, plant and equipment
SELECTED ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLES
Property, plant and equipment
Property, plant and equipment shall be measured initially at acquisition or production cost and shall be presented in the statement of financial position in its net carrying amount. Property, plant and equipment are presented in the statement of financial position at the net book value which is the amount at which an asset is initially recognised (cost) less accumulated depreciation and any accumulated impairment losses.
The costs of significant repairs and regular maintenance programs are recognised as property, plant and equipment.
Fixed assets are depreciated with straight-line method and in justified cases units of production method of depreciation (catalysts, assets arising from development and extraction of mineral resources).
Each part of an item of property, plant and equipment with a cost that is significant in relation to the total cost of the item is depreciated separately over the period reflecting its useful lives.
The following standard useful lives are used for property, plant and equipment:
Buildings and constructions 10-40 years
Machinery and equipment 4-35 years
Vehicles and other 2-20 years
The method of depreciation, residual value and useful life of an asset are reviewed at least at the end of each year. When it is necessary adjustments of depreciation are carried out in subsequent periods (prospectively).
Exploration and extraction of mineral resources
Within the framework of exploration and extraction of mineral resources, the following classification of stage was made:
Stage of exploration and assessment of mineral resources include:
- acquisition of rights to explore and extract, exploration and recognition of resources,
- expenditures for exploratory,
- other expenditures which are directly attributable to the phase of exploration and recognition – The Group capitalizes most of the costs incurred as part of this stage.
The Group shall review annually expenditures incurred in the stage of exploration and recognition of mineral resources in order to confirm the intention of further work. The analyses are carried out at the level of projects, including works with a defined exploratory and/or prospective purpose, which are conducted in the assigned area. If the work is unsuccessful, resulting in a lack of intention to continue the work, the cost previously recognised as an asset are recognised as cost of a current period.
Expenditures incurred in the exploration and recognition of resources are recognised as assets related to development and extraction of mineral resources within property, plant and equipment at the moment of the conclusion of their technical feasibility and economic viability of mining which are tested for impairment.
Stage of site planning and of extraction of mineral resources
Expenditure incurred for mineral resource sites planning and extraction of resources are capitalized and amortised by unit of production method calculated proportionally to the amount of extraction of hydrocarbons based on unit of installation. The Group calculates the depreciation of all assets related to sites planning and extraction of mineral resources based on so called 2P proved plus probable reserves.
In case of significant change in estimated mineral resources, at the reporting date potential impairment allowances are recognised or reversed.
In case of performance of exploratory drillings on already extracted resource, the Group analyses, if costs incurred enable rising new boreholes. If not, the expenditures are recognised in costs of the current period.
PROFESSIONAL JUDGEMENT
Expenditures for exploration and evaluation of mineral resources
Application of the Group’s accounting policy for expenditures for exploration and evaluation of mineral resources requires an assessment, whether future economic benefits resulting from future extraction or sale are probable or if indications allowing to estimate the resources does not yet exist. When estimating the resources, the Group assesses future events and circumstances, including the assessment whether the extraction will be economically feasible.
ESTIMATES
Useful lives of property, plant and equipment
The Group verifies useful lives of property, plant and equipment once at year end. As part of this process, the Group is currently taking into account the impact of factors related to climate change, in particular in relation to assets whose useful lives may be shortened as part of the implementation of emission reduction plans in the Refinery, Petrochemical, as well as in Energy, where some production is still based on high-carbon assets. The impact of verification of useful lives in 2021 resulted in a decrease of depreciation costs by PLN 46 million compared to depreciation costs that were recognised based on useful lives applied in 2020.
Exploration and evaluation of mineral resources
The Group estimates resources based on interpretation of available geological data and verifies then on the current basis, based on effects of further drills, trial exploitation, actual extraction and economic factors such as: hydrocarbons’ prices, contractual terms or investment plans.
At the end of each reporting period the Group analyses cost of removal of wells and supporting infrastructure.
Remediation of land – water environment
The Group estimates the level of provisions related to non-current assets, which to a significant probability are needed for land – water environment remediation of the territory of petrol stations, fuel depots areas of production plants, generating installations, power stations and ash landfills. By calculating the provisions for remediation of of land – water environment, there is a significant uncertainty of estimates, which is influenced by such factors as changes in legal regulations, additional significant works identified during site remediation, the emergence of new remediation techniques, climate changes, changes in the expected useful life of assets, as well as changes in discount rates and inflation rates. Detailed information in note 14.11.1
| Land | Buildings and constructions | Machinery and equipment | Vehicles and other | Construction in progress | Exploration and evaluation of mineral resource assets | Assets related to development and extraction of mineral resources | Total | |
| Net carrying amount at 01/01/2021 |
||||||||
| Gross carrying amount | 1 351 | 37 204 | 47 132 | 3 493 | 5 796 | 1 514 | 7 140 | 103 630 |
| Accumulated depreciation | (14) | (12 645) | (23 963) | (1 679) | (1) | (45) | (2 426) | (40 773) |
| Impairment allowances | (45) | (3 488) | (6 569) | (97) | (76) | (927) | (2 030) | (13 232) |
| 1 292 | 21 071 | 16 600 | 1 717 | 5 719 | 542 | 2 684 | 49 625 | |
| increases/(decreases), net | ||||||||
| Investment expenditures | 1 | 27 | 198 | 30 | 7 743 | 129 | 228 | 8 356 |
| Depreciation | – | (1 432) | (2 337) | (392) | – | (10) | (263) | (4 434) |
| Borrowing costs | – | 9 | 9 | 1 | 43 | 6 | – | 68 |
| Acquisition of subsidiaries | 7 | 121 | 393 | 9 | 3 | – | – | 533 |
| Net impairment allowances, incl.: * | – | 21 | 66 | – | (19) | (169) | 955 | 854 |
| Recognition | – | (115) | (54) | (8) | (55) | (38) | (90) | (360) |
| Reversal | – | 115 | 48 | 1 | 2 | 204 | 841 | 1 211 |
| Reclassifications | 14 | 2 585 | 2 989 | 621 | (6 212) | 304 | (264) | 37 |
| Sale of subsidiary | – | – | – | (7) | (78) | (37) | – | (122) |
| Foreign exchange differences, incl.: | 22 | 145 | 297 | 29 | 89 | 1 | 186 | 769 |
| foreign exchange differences of impairment allowances | (1) | (218) | (461) | (6) | (4) | (2) | (152) | (844) |
| Provision for reclamation | – | (171) | (3) | – | – | (1) | (4) | (179) |
| Other** | – | (43) | (115) | (103) | (34) | (14) | 181 | (128) |
| 1 336 | 22 333 | 18 097 | 1 905 | 7 254 | 751 | 3 703 | 55 379 | |
| Net carrying amount at 31/12/2021 | ||||||||
| Gross carrying amount | 1 396 | 40 224 | 51 133 | 3 815 | 7 352 | 1 905 | 7 627 | 113 452 |
| Accumulated depreciation | (14) | (14 206) | (26 072) | (1 807) | 1 | (56) | (2 697) | (44 851) |
| Impairment allowances | (46) | (3 685) | (6 964) | (103) | (99) | (1 098) | (1 227) | (13 222) |
| 1 336 | 22 333 | 18 097 | 1 905 | 7 254 | 751 | 3 703 | 55 379 | |
|
Net carrying amount at 01/01/2020 (restated data) |
||||||||
| Gross carrying amount | 1 182 | 24 208 | 41 732 | 2 599 | 3 991 | 1 379 | 6 757 | 81 848 |
| Accumulated depreciation | (13) | (11 185) | (22 746) | (1 536) | – | (38) | (2 051) | (37 569) |
| Impairment allowances | (28) | (1 659) | (8 298) | (94) | (131) | (807) | (699) | (11 716) |
| 1 141 | 11 364 | 10 688 | 969 | 3 860 | 534 | 4 007 | 32 563 | |
|
increases/(decreases), net (restated data) |
||||||||
| Investment expenditures | 4 | 158 | 162 | 37 | 6 865 | 146 | 255 | 7 627 |
| Depreciation | (1) | (1 150) | (1 983) | (284) | – | (8) | (353) | (3 779) |
| Borrowing costs | – | 2 | 17 | – | 24 | – | – | 43 |
| Acquisition of subsidiaries | 108 | 8 960 | 4 060 | 515 | 704 | – | – | 14 347 |
| Net impairment allowances, incl.: * | (15) | (1 783) | 1 641 | (3) | 56 | (119) | (1 295) | (1 518) |
| Recognition | (15) | (106) | (89) | (11) | (22) | (331) | (1 356) | (1 930) |
| Reversal | – | 60 | 21 | 7 | 1 | 203 | 61 | 353 |
| Reclassifications | 12 | 3 393 | 1 850 | 527 | (5 814) | (2) | 61 | 27 |
| Foreign exchange differences, incl.: | 44 | 148 | 222 | 16 | 50 | – | 10 | 490 |
| foreign exchange differences of impairment allowances | (2) | (46) | 88 | – | (1) | (1) | (36) | 2 |
| Other | (1) | (21) | (57) | (60) | (26) | (9) | (1) | (175) |
|
Net carrying amount at31/12/2020 (restated data) |
1 292 | 21 071 | 16 600 | 1 717 | 5 719 | 542 | 2 684 | 49 625 |
** the line other include mainly sale and decommissioning
Description of the reasons for changes in major impairment allowances is presented in the note 14.4.)
In 2021 and 220 investments expenditures were reduced by PLN 12 million and PLN 106 million received/due to penalties for delayed execution of the investment contracts.
In 2021 and in 2020 the capitalization rate used to calculate capitalized borrowing costs amounted to 0.83% and 0.95%, respectively.
The gross carrying amount of all fully depreciated property, plant and equipment still in use as at 31 December 2021 and as at 31 December 2020 amounted to PLN 5,314 million and PLN 5,387 million, respectively.